Where does translation occur in a eukaryotic cell?

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Study for the A2 Genetic Control of Proteins Test. Engage with flashcards and multiple choice questions, each question is accompanied by hints and explanations. Prepare thoroughly for your exam!

Multiple Choice

Where does translation occur in a eukaryotic cell?

Explanation:
In eukaryotic cells, translation happens on ribosomes that operate in the cytoplasm. After mRNA is made in the nucleus, it is exported to the cytoplasm where ribosomes—either free in the cytosol or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum—read the sequence and assemble amino acids into a polypeptide. The nucleus is where transcription occurs, so it isn’t the site of translation. While mitochondria (and chloroplasts in plants/algae) have their own ribosomes and can translate some of their own proteins inside those organelles, the majority of translation for cellular proteins happens in the cytoplasm. That’s why cytoplasm is the best answer.

In eukaryotic cells, translation happens on ribosomes that operate in the cytoplasm. After mRNA is made in the nucleus, it is exported to the cytoplasm where ribosomes—either free in the cytosol or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum—read the sequence and assemble amino acids into a polypeptide. The nucleus is where transcription occurs, so it isn’t the site of translation. While mitochondria (and chloroplasts in plants/algae) have their own ribosomes and can translate some of their own proteins inside those organelles, the majority of translation for cellular proteins happens in the cytoplasm. That’s why cytoplasm is the best answer.

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