What is the role of tRNA in translation?

• A. tRNA brings specific amino acids to the mRNA molecule.
• B. tRNA carries genetic code from DNA.
• C. tRNA forms peptide bonds.
• D. tRNA acts as a ribosome.

Answer: (A)

In translation, tRNA acts as the adaptor that brings the correct amino acid to the growing protein in response to the mRNA sequence. Each tRNA carries a specific amino acid and has an anticodon that base-pairs with a complementary codon on the mRNA, ensuring the right amino acid is added at each step. The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases charge tRNAs with their amino acids before translation begins, and the ribosome uses the tRNA’s anticodon–codon pairing to place amino acids in the correct order, forming peptide bonds as the chain elongates. tRNA itself does not carry genetic information from DNA (that’s the job of mRNA) and it is not responsible for forming peptide bonds or acting as the ribosome.